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Barquera, Simón; Véjar-Rentería, Lesly Samara; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos; Garibay-Nieto, Nayely; García-García, Eduardo; Bonvecchio, Anabelle; Perichart, Otilia; Torres-Tamayo, Margarita; Esquivias-Zavala, Héctor; Villalpando-Carrión, Salvador; García-Méndez, Rosalba Carolina; Apolinar-Jiménez, Evelia; Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha; Martínez-Montañez, Olga Georgina; Fajardo Niquete, Ileana; Aguirre-Crespo, Alejandra; Gómez-Álvarez, Enrique; Hernández-Jiménez, Sergio C.; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Batis, Carolina; Elías-López, Daniel; Palos-Lucio, Ana Gabriela; Vásquez-Garibay, Edgar M.; Romero-Velarde, Enrique; Ortiz-Rodríguez, María Araceli; Almendra-Pegueros, Rafael; Contreras, Alejandra; Nieto, Claudia; Hernández-Cordero, Sonia; Munguía, Ana; Rojas-Russell, Mario; Sánchez-Escobedo, Samantha; Delgado-Amézquita, Elvia; Aranda-González, Irma; Cruz-Casarrubias, Carlos; Campos-Nonato, Ismael; García-Espino, Fátima; Martínez-Vázquez, Sophia; Arellano-Gómez, Laura P.; Caballero-Cantú, Idalia; Hunot-Alexander, Claudia; Valero-Morales, Isabel; González-González, Lorena; Ríos-Cortázar, Víctor; Medina-García, Catalina; Argumedo, Gabriela; Calleja-Enríquez, Carmen Rosa; Robles-Macías, Edna; Nava-González, Edna J.; Lara-Riegos, Julio; Sánchez-Plascencia, Ana K.; Hernández-Fernández, Mauricio; Rodríguez-Núñez, Jose Luis; Rangel-Quillo, Sarai; Cancino-Marentes, Martha Edith; Hernández-Viana, Mónica J.; Saldivar-Frausto, Mariana; Álvarez-Ramírez, Miriam; Sandoval-Salazar, Cuauhtémoc; Silva-Tinoco, Rubén Oswaldo; Moreno-Villanueva, Mildred; Villarreal-Arce, María Elena; Barriguete, J. Armando; White, Mariel; Jauregui, Alejandra; Tolentino-Mayo, Lizbeth; López-Ridaura, Ruy; Rivera-Dommarco, Juan.
Salud pública Méx ; 64(2): 225-229, Mar.-Apr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432373

ABSTRACT

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract: In recent decades, the growing obesity epidemic in Mexico has become one of the most important public health challenges faced by the country. With support from the World Obesity Federation, we formed a working group in 2021 to identify and summarize priority actions that Mexico can take to face this epidemic. More than 1 000 health professionals joined the development and discussion process. Recommendations from previously published, high-level documents and guidelines were taken into account. In commemoration of World Obesity Day 2022, this statement is presented as input for health care professionals to develop actions to address obesity. The statement includes 10 recommendations that include population-level and individual-level actions. It emphasizes the importance of social participation, comprehensive interventions with a person- centered perspective, planetary sustainability, on improving education and communication campaigns, as well as fostering a built environment that promotes active living, and shielding prevention and control efforts from conflicts of interest. The statement calls for obesity to be treated seriously, based on scientific evidence, in a timely and comprehensive manner, employing a life-course and ethical approach that does not perpetuate weight stigma in society.

2.
Salud pública Méx ; 64(1): 57-65, ene.-feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432349

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long form). Materials and methods: A subsample of 86 teachers underwent telephone interviews and clinic visits in Mexico City. Through 22 months, physical activity (PA) levels were obtained from accelerometers (months 6 and 22) and IPAQ long-form (months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12). Minutes per week of moderate (MPA), walking (WPA), vigorous (VPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were calculated for each intensity and domain. Variables were logarithmically transformed. Intra-class and Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between instruments. Results: Test-retest reliability of the average IPAQs long-form varied across intensities and domains (ranged from r= 0.24 to r= 0.65). Minutes per week of VPA and MVPA accelerometer 1 (AC1) were fairly associated to International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form 3 (IPAQ3) (r= 0.60 and r= 0.31, respectively) one week apart. Conclusions: IPAQ long-form is fairly reliable for MVPA and valid for assessing MVPA and VPA in a subsample of Mexican teachers.


Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad y validez del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física versión larga (por sus siglas en inglés IPAQ-long form). Material y métodos: Un total de 86 maestras realizaron entrevistas y visitas a clínicas en la Ciudad de México. En un periodo de 22 meses, se obtuvieron los niveles de actividad física (AF) por medio de un acelerómetro (AC) (meses 6 y 22) y autorreporte de actividad física por medio del IPAQ versión larga (meses 1, 3, 6, 9 y 12). Se estimaron los minutos por semana de actividad física moderada (AFM), caminando (AFC), vigorosa (AFV) y actividad física moderada-vigorosa (AFMV) para cada intensidad y dominio. Las variables se transformaron logarítmicamente. Se utilizaron correlaciones de intraclase y de Pearson para determinar la relación de los minutos por semana de AFM, AFC, AFMV entre instrumentos. Resultados: La confiabilidad entre el promedio de los IPAQs varió entre intensidades y dominios (de r = 0.24 a r = 0.65). Los minutos por semana de AFV y AFMV del acelerómetro 1 (AC1) se asociaron con los del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física 3 (IPAQ3) (r = 0.60 y r = 0.31, respectivamente) reportado una semana después. Conclusiones: La versión larga del IPAQ es confiable para estimar AFMV y válido para evaluar AFMV y AFV en una submuestra de maestras mexicanas.

3.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(6): 705-712, nov.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432317

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2 y enfermedades crónicas en adultos y adultos mayores mexicanos. Material y métodos: Se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19 (Ensanut 2020 Covid-19) para evaluar la asociación de seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2 con hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes tipo 2, índice de masa corporal, LDL-c elevado, HDL-c bajo, colesterol total elevado e hipertrigliceridemia. Resultados: Se observó una mayor seropositividad en personas con mayor índice de masa corporal. La seroprevalencia fue 25% mayor entre los adultos que presentaban obesidad en comparación con aquellos de peso normal en modelos ajustados (RP: 1.25 IC95%: 1.08,1.46). No se observó asociación entre seropositividad y otras enfermedades crónicas en adultos o adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Las personas con obesidad podrían tener una mayor susceptibilidad a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Este hallazgo debe ser confirmado con estudios longitudinales. No se encontró evidencia de asociación para otras enfermedades.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the association between seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 and chronic diseases in Mexican adults and older adults. Materials and methods: We used the 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey on Covid-19 to evaluate the association of seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 with high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, elevated LDL-c, low HDL-c, high total cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia. Results: We observed a higher seropositivity at higher body mass index levels. In adjusted models, seroprevalence was 25% higher among adults with obesity compared to those of normal weight (PR: 1.25 95%CI: 1.08,1.46). We did not observe any association between seropositivity and other chronic diseases in adults or older adults. Conclusions: Adults with obesity could be at increased susceptibility of SARS-CoV2 infection. This observation needs to be confirmed through longitudinal studies. We did not find evidence of an association with other chronic diseases.

4.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1289977

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight among Mexican preschoolers. METHODS This study was conducted with anthropometric (weight, height/length), sociodemographic (age, gender, education level of household head, socioeconomic status, country region and area, ethnicity, and beneficiary of social programs), and dietary data (Semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire) on children aged from 1 to 4 years collected from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Dietary patterns were derived by principal components analysis. The association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight was assessed by prevalence ratios (PR), estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 1,112 preschoolers (mean age 3.06 years, SD = 1.08 years; 48.8% females) were included in the study; 11.9% of whom presented stunting, and 6.7% overweight. We identified four dietary patterns: Fruits and Vegetables [F&V], Western [W], Traditional [T], and Milk and Liquids [M&L]. Considering the lowest tertile of each dietary pattern as reference, the prevalence of stunting was 2.04 times higher [95%CI: 1.17-3.56] among children in the highest tertile of the "F&V" pattern. The prevalence of stunting was lower among children in the highest tertile of the "W" pattern [PR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.27-0.85]. Overweight was negatively associated with the "F&V" dietary pattern [PR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16-0.85 for its highest tertile], and children whose consumption was mostly equivalent to the "T" pattern showed higher prevalence of stunting [PR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01-3.00]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stunting and overweight in a nationwide sample of Mexican preschoolers was associated with dietary patterns.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child , Overweight/epidemiology , Growth Disorders/etiology , Growth Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil , Nutrition Surveys , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(2): 192-202, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366007

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To assess the association between type 2 diabetes (DM2) and socioeconomic inequalities, mediated by the contribution of body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and diet (diet-DII). Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data of adults participating in the Diabetes Mellitus Survey of Mexico City. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as height and weight, dietary intake, leisure time activity and the presence of DM2 were measured. We fitted a structural equation model (SEM) with DM2 as the main outcome, and BMI, diet-DII and PA served as mediator variables between socioeconomic inequalities index (SII) and DM2. Results: The prevalence of DM2 was 13.6%. From the fitted SEM, each standard deviation increases in the SII was associated with increased scores of DM2 (β=0.174,P<0.001). Conclusion: The results in the present study show how high scores in the index of SII may influence the presence of DM2.


Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre diabetes tipo 2 y las inequidades socioeconómicas (IS), mediada por la contribución del índice de masa corporal (IMC), actividad física (AF) y dieta (dieta-DII). Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis transversal utilizando datos de la Encuesta de Diabetes Mellitus de la Ciudad de México. Se midieron las características sociodemográficas, altura, peso, ingesta dietética, actividad de tiempo libre y presencia de diabetes. Se ajustó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (MEE) con diabetes como resultado principal, e IMC, dieta-DII y PA sirvieron como variables mediadoras entre el IS y la diabetes. Resultados: La prevalencia de diabetes fue de 13.6%. A partir del MEE ajustado, cada aumento de la desviación estándar en el IS se asoció con un aumento en las puntuaciones de diabetes (β=0.174,P<0.001). Conclusión: Los resultados en el presente estudio muestran cómo los puntajes altos en las IS pueden influir en la presencia de diabetes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Life Style , Obesity/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(6): 617-628, nov.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846034

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To assess the validity of a 140-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ), in Mexican adolescents and adults. Materials and methods: Dietary intakes using a SFFQ and two 24-hour dietary recalls (24DRs), in nonconsecutive days during the same week were measured from 178 adolescents and 230 adults participating in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012.Validity was evaluated using correlation coefficients (CC),deattenuated CC, linear regression models, cross-classification analysis, and the Bland-Altman method. Results: In adults, deattenuated correlation coefficients between the SFFQ and the 24DRs ranged from 0.30 for folate to 0.61 for saturated fat. In addition, 63% adults and 62% adolescents were classified in the same and adjacent quartile of nutrient intake when comparing data from SFFQ and 24DRs. Conclusions: The SFFQ had moderate validity for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. It also had good validity to rank individuals according to their dietary intake of different nutrients.


Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos semicuantitativo (CFA), en adolescentes y adultos mexicanos. Material y métodos: Se evaluó la ingesta de alimentos de 178 adolescentes y 230 adultos que participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición-2012, de México, mediante un CFA y el promedio de dos recordatorios de 24-horas (24DRs). La validez se evaluó utilizando coeficientes de correlación, coeficientes de correlación corregidos (CCC) y análisis de clasificación. Resultados: En adultos, los CCC entre el CFA y el promedio de los 24DRs estuvieron entre 0.30 para folatos y 0.61 para grasas saturadas. Adicionalmente, 63% de los adultos y 62% de los adolescentes fueron clasificados en el mismo o adyacente cuartil cuando fueron comparados los datos del CFA y el 24DR. Conclusión: El CFA mostró una validez moderada para energía, macronutrimentos y micronutrimentos. Además, mostró buena validez para clasificar a los individuos de acuerdo con su ingesta dietética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Energy Intake , Diet Surveys , Diet , Reproducibility of Results , Mexico
7.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(6): 608-616, nov.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846031

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To examine the validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) to identify dietary patterns in an adult Mexican population. Materials and methods: A 140-item SFFQ and two 24-hour dietary recalls (24DRs) were administered. Foods were categorized into 29 food groups used to derive dietary patterns via factor analysis. Pearson and intraclass correlations coefficients between dietary pattern scores identified from the SFFQ and 24DRs were assessed. Results: Pattern 1 was high in snacks, fast food, soft drinks, processed meats and refined grains; pattern 2 was high in fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and dairy products; and pattern 3 was high in legumes, eggs, sweetened foods and sugars. Pearson correlation coefficients between the SFFQ and the 24DRs for these patterns were 0.66 (P<0.001), 0.41 (P<0.001) and 0.29 (P=0.193) respectively. Conclusions: Our data indicate reasonable validity of the SFFQ, using factor analysis, to derive major dietary patterns in comparison with two 24DR.


Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (CFA) para derivar patrones dietarios en población adulta mexicana. Material y métodos: Un CFA de 140-alimentos y dos recordatorios de 24-horas (24DRs) fueron obtenidos. Los alimentos fueron categorizados en 29 grupos para derivar los patrones dietarios mediante análisis factorial. La validez se evaluó mediante coeficientes de correlación intraclase y de Pearson (CCP) entre los puntajes de los patrones dietarios identificados con CFA y 24DRs. Resultados: El patrón 1 fue alto en bocadillos, carnes procesadas, comida rápida, refrescos y granos refinados; el patrón 2 estuvo caracterizado por vegetales, frutas y lácteos; y el patrón 3 se caracterizó por leguminosas, huevo, azucares, y alimentos dulces. Los CCP entre estos patrones fueron 0.66 (P<0.001), 0.41 (P<0.001) y 0.29 (P=0.193) respectivamente. Conclusión: Los datos sugieren razonable validez del CFA, utilizando análisis factorial, para derivar patrones dietarios en comparación con el 24DRs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Diet Surveys , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Food/classification , Reproducibility of Results , Mexico
8.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(6): 708-716, nov.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846025

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To examine different health outcomes that are associated with specific lifestyle and genetic factors. Materials and methods: From March 2004 to April 2006, a sample of employees from three different health and academic institutions, as well as their family members, were enrolled in the study after providing informed consent. At baseline and follow-up (2010-2013), participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, a physical examination, and provided blood samples. Results: A total of 10 729 participants aged 6 to 94 years were recruited at baseline. Of these, 70% were females, and 50% were from the Mexican Social Security Institute. Nearly 42% of the adults in the sample were overweight, while 20% were obese. Conclusion: Our study can offer new insights into disease mechanisms and prevention through the analysis of risk factor information in a large sample of Mexicans.


Resumen: Objetivo: Examinar diferentes desenlaces en salud y su asociación con factores genéticos y del estilo de vida. Material y métodos: De marzo de 2004 a abril de 2006, una muestra de empleados de tres diferentes instituciones de salud y académicas, así como miembros de sus familias, fueron enrolados en el estudio, previa firma de consentimiento informado. Durante la medición basal y el seguimiento (2010-2013) los participantes completaron un cuestionario autoaplicado, exámenes físicos y proporcionaron muestras sanguíneas. Resultados: Fueron incluidos participantes (10 729) de entre 6 y 94 años en la medición basal. De estos, 70% fueron mujeres y 50% del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Aproximadamente 42% de los adultos tuvieron sobrepeso y 20% obesidad. Conclusión: Este estudio puede ofrecer conocimientos sobre los mecanismos de la enfermedad a través del análisis de factores de riesgo en una muestra de mexicanos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Family , Disease/etiology , Health Surveys/methods , Health Personnel , Physical Examination , Primary Prevention/methods , Research Design , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Life Style , Mexico
9.
Salud pública Méx ; 54(1): 20-27, enero-feb. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611846

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a workplace leisure physical activity program on healthcare expenditures for type 2 diabetes and hypertension treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed a workplace program's potential to reduce costs by multiplying the annual healthcare costs of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by the population attributable risk fraction of non-recommended physical activity levels. Feasibility of a physical activity program was assessed among 425 employees of a public university in Mexico. RESULTS: If 400 sedentary employees engaged in a physical activity program to decrease their risk of diabetes and hypertension, the potential annual healthcare cost reduction would be 138 880 US dollars. Each dollar invested in physical activity could reduce treatment costs of both diseases by 5.3 dollars. CONCLUSIONS: This research meets the call to use health economics methods to re-appraise health priorities, and devise strategies for optimal allocation of financial resources in the health sector.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de un programa de actividad física en el lugar de trabajo sobre la reducción de costos médicos directos relacionados con la diabetes tipo 2 y la hipertensión. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Calculamos el potencial de la actividad física para reducir costos médicos, multiplicando los gastos médicos anuales que realizan diabéticos e hipertensos, multiplicados por la fracción atribuible poblacional asociada a un nivel de actividad física insuficiente. La factibilidad de ejecutar el programa fue evaluada en 425 trabajadores de una universidad pública en México. RESULTADOS: Si 400 trabajadores sedentarios participaran en un programa de actividad física recreativa para reducir su riesgo de diabetes e hipertensión, los costos médicos anuales reducirían en 138880 dólares. Cada dólar invertido en actividad física podría reducir 5.3 dólares en el tratamiento de ambas enfermedades. CONCLUSIONES: Esta investigación evidencia la utilidad de los estudios costoeconómicos en salud para optimizar los recursos financieros en este sector.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , /economics , /therapy , Health Care Costs , Hypertension/economics , Hypertension/therapy , Motor Activity , Occupational Health/economics , Workplace , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(2): 152-159, Mar.-Apr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-584194

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To construct a scale for assessing the quality of mealtime habits in a sample of urban Mexican adults, computing the contribution of a set of advisable and unadvisable mealtime habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an exploratory factor analysis among 7 472 adults participating in the baseline assessment of the Health Workers Cohort Study, to assess the mealtime habits quality. Likelihood ratio test for difference of two probabilities and test for the difference of two means were used to identify differences between low and high categories of the Mealtime Habits Quality Scale (MHQS) across variables of interest. RESULTS: Participants with the top quality of mealtime habits showed lower rates of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated body fat. They were also more adherent to a prudent dietary pattern than a western dietary pattern, and consumed more fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric and dietary variables differed across MHQS categories. However, further validation of the scale, and assessment of their ability to predict weight gain or related diseases are needed, using prospective and intervention studies.


OBJETIVO: Construir una escala para evaluar la calidad de los hábitos al comer, calculando la contribución de un grupo de hábitos recomendables y no recomendables, en población adulta urbana de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos un análisis exploratorio de factores en 7 472 adultos participantes en el Estudio de Cohorte de Trabajadores de la Salud para evaluar la calidad de los hábitos al comer. Para identificar diferencias entre la baja y alta calidad de los hábitos al comer a través de las variables de interés, utilizamos la prueba de razón de probabilidades a fin de evaluar la diferencia entre dos proporciones y la prueba de comparación de medias. RESULTADOS: Los participantes clasificados en la categoría de alta calidad de los hábitos al comer presentaron prevalencias más bajas de sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad abdominal y porcentaje de grasa corporal elevado. Además, mostraron mayor adherencia al patrón dietario prudente que al patrón dietario occidental, así como mayor consumo de frutas y verduras. CONCLUSIONES: Las variables antropométricas y de dieta muestran diferencias a través de las categorías de la escala de la calidad de hábitos al comer. Sin embargo, será necesario validar la escala y evaluar su capacidad para predecir ganancia de peso o enfermedades relacionadas, mediante estudios prospectivos o de intervención.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Feeding Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population
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